Method and apparatus for waving hair



Feb. 7, 1933. w, E. LIPPERT 1,896,091

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed Aug. 14, 1931 Y 5Sheets-Sheet l fz! y JW i y f/f s f f7 gr f /7 J/ 950 Ji' 34 J5 o o o OOo o ATTORNEYS Feb. 7, 1933. w. E, LxPPERT METHOD AND APPARATUS FORWAVING HAIR Filed Aug. 14, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Feb.7, 1933. w. E, UPPER-r' 1,896,091`

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed Aug. 14, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet3 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS 'strands have a tendency to separate, and it'Patented Feb.V 7, 1933 UNITED STATES lPATElsI-T OFFICE WALTER E.LIPPERT, or' HEWLETT, NEW YORK, AssIaNoR To SAMUEL BoNaT AND HannyaoNAT, noINe aUsINEss as SAMUEL BoNa'r a Bao., or NEW roux, N. Y.

mamon Nn APPARATUS Eon wavING 'Hara Application tiled ugust t4, 1931..vSerial No. 556,995..

This invention relates to the waving of hair to produce so-calledpermanent waves tened with l,a suitable treating solution, asu-iA allywrapped with a strip of cloth'and/ot` paper, and then subjected to heatuntil the wave is iixed.

It is customary to wind each strand in the same directionuponvitsspindle. When the heating is completed and the spindles are removed, thehair is washed and then subjected to further operations including fingerwaving to give the hair the desired appearance. When the hair is sotreated the is difficult to secure la natural appearance andan otherwisesatisfactory wave, even' after prolonged manipulation.

I have discovered that the difficulties en-` countered in securingsatisfactory waves in the hair can be overcome by winding the.

separate and contiguous strands ofhair in reverse directions on thespindles. the hair is thus treated and the spindles are remoyed afterthe heat'liasbeen applied, the i strands tend to fall naturally intothe'desired positions and a more desirable appearanceis secured with aminimum of manlpulation.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a simple andeffectivemethod and apparatus whereby the waving -of hair is facilitatedand improved results are secured',

A and I have devised a method and apparatus whereby these objects areaccomplished as set forth in the following specification.

In carrying out the invention, I divide the hair on the head intogroups-in-accordance with the usual practice and then Lseparate eachgroup into two strands automatically by the application of a clamp whichis disposed adjacent to the scalp and is adapted to firmly hold thestrands of hair near the roots thereof. A number of clamps, each firmlygripping two strands of hair, may be distributed over the head, so thatall of the strands can be subjected simultaneously to Whenjy the wavingoperation. Each clamp embracing two strands of hair carries two spindleswhich are secured to the clamp and include rotatable sleeves. Thesleeves are adapted to be held from rotation during the windingoperation, but are released thereafter to facilitate removal of thehair. Upon each of the. sleeves a rotatable Winder is mounted, theWinder having a helical slot and a projecting finger which is adapted toengage the f strand. of hair. When the Winder is rotated -by theapplication of ai key, the hair is wound helically upony the sleeve andis held by the Winder during the further procedure ofthewindingoperation. An essential part which are adapted to wind the contiguousstrands of hair in\reverse directions upon the adjacent spindles. Theslots and fingers on the winders are so formed that they will Aonly windvthe hair on thespindles in the manner indicated. l When the winding ofall of the strands is completed, each strand is moistened with asuitable' treating agent such for example as a 'solution containingborax and/or other softening-agents'and a suitable wrapper is applied.The wrapper may be a strip of flannel vwhich has been moistened in thetreating solution', andv an outer Wrapper of paper,

parchment or metal foil can then be applied.

may be employed. I'Closed vheaters retain theA steam resultifn`,r'fromth heating within the passages surrounding the wound strandsV ofhair. If open heaters fare employed, it is desirable to use imperviouswrapperssuch as metal foil with the ends securely'closed to re tain thesteam during -theheating operation.

To facilitate the application ofthe wrappers, I may use metalhousings,.each comprising two, semi-cylindrical membershingedly 65 ofthe invention is the provision of winders connected. The moistenedWrappers may be placedin these housings Which may be closed then uponthe Wound strands of hair. Springs may be employed in the housings toensure close contact of the Wrappers With the wound strands.

In rewaving, that is to say Waving a lpor-Y tion of the hair adjacentthe roots Without affecting previously lWaved portions, the procedure isthe same except that only the straighthair adjacent the roots is Woundupon the spindles. I employ, hoWever, a different type of heatercomprising preferably semicylindrical members hingedly connected, thuspermitting` the free ends of the hair to project from the side of theheater so that these ends are not aiected by the moisture and Fig. 3 isa section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail in section of a key which is employed to operate theWinders and` to clamp the sleeves of the spindles;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through the V clamp, spindle andWinder;

Fig. 6 is asectional view ofthe device with the heater arranged toco-operate with the spindles; v

Fig. 7 is a sectional View of another form of the heater;

Fig. 8 is an elevation of another form of heater adapted for use inrewaving and illustrating the application thereof to one of thespindles;

Figs. 9 and 10fare sectional views of the heater illustrated in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is an eleva-tion of a housing adapted to enclose the strand ofhair Wound on the spindle;

Fig. 12 is a section on the line Fig. 9;

Figs. 13 and 14 are sections of a slightly different form of housing;

Fig. 15 is a plan view, partially in section, of another form of clamp;l

Fig. 16 is a section on the line 16-16 of Fig. 15; and

Fig. 17 is a plan view, partially in section, of a modified form of theclamp shown in Fig. 15.

Referring to the drawings, 5 vindicates a clamp comprising opposedelements 6 and 7 hingedly connected at 8. Each of the elements consistsof spaced plates as illustrated, and a locking bar 9 is pivotallyconnected at 10 to one of the'elements and carries a pivoted cam 11 atits other end which is adapted to engage the other element and thus holdthe elements firmly in locked position. A jaw 12 With a projection 13centrally located and lateral recesses 14 is resiliently supported inone of the clamp elements by springs 15 and is adapted to enter thespace between the plates of the other element. Vhen the clamp is appliedto the hair the latter is divided automatically into two strands in therecesses 14 and is lirrnly gripped by the aw against the opposed facesof recesses 16 in the opposite element of the clamp. The strands of hairare held firmly kand a minimum space is aiforded through which steam canescape towardv the scalp.

Preferably a suitable insulating pad, for eX- ample a strip of felt 17,is secured to the loW- ler face of the clamp tov protect the scalp fromieat.

The clamp carries tvlfo spindles 18 firmly secured thereto in spacedrelation, and a sleeve 19 is loosely supported on each spindle. Thesleeves are held against rotation by nuts 20 mounted on the threadedends of the spindle. The nuts may be tightened by means of a key 21having a squared opening 22 at one end thereof.

Upon each of the sleeves a Winder 23 is mounted. The Winder haspreferably a split end 24 which is adapted to grip the sleevefrictionally so that the Winder will remain fixed in any position on thesleeve. The Winder 4is provided With a helical slot 25 and a projectingfinger 26. When the hair is to be Wound on the spindle it is `firstgripped adjacent the roots by means of the clamp and the end isintroduced beneath the inger 26 in the slot 25. The Winder is thenrotated by engagement of ratchet teeth 27 on the key 21 with similar-teeth 28 on the end of the Winder. As the Winder turns the strand ofhair is Wound helically uponlthe spindle and the end of the hair is heldby the Winder so that the strand remains irmly secured in its woundposition.

As hereinbefore stated and as indicated in Winders on the contiguousspindles are directed oppositely so that the adjacent strands of hairmust be wound in opposite directions, that is to say, one strand assumesthe position of a left-handed helix Whereas the adjacent strand assumesthe position of a righthanded helix. With the apparatus as described,the adjacent strands cannot be other- Wise Wound on the spindles.

When all of the strands have been Wound as indicated, each strand ismoistened with a suitable treating liquid, for example a solution ofborax and/or other softening agents. and a Wrapper 29, preferably amoistened vthe drawings, the fingers and slots in the ,y

of light sheet metal, for example, hingedly other means.

I then apply to each pair of spindles a heater comprising spaced tubes31, each of which is wound with a heating element 32 and suitableinsulation 33 and enclosed in a casing 34 with an insulating handle 35.Suitable conductors 36 are connected to the heating elements to supplythe current necessary to heat the hair. When the heating is completed,the heater and wrappers are removed and the nuts 20 are loosened so thatthe sleeves will rotate. The clamp is unlocked and the hair may bewithdrawn easily from the spindles, the rotation of the sleevesfacilitating this operation. The heater as described is of the opentype, that is to say the upper ends of the passages are open, and steamcan escape. Wrappers of moisture impervious material are desirable withthis type otheater. D

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated a closed heater similar to the onepreviously described, comprising tubes 37 with surrounding heatingelements 38 and insulation 39, and a casing 40. The upper ends of thetubes are closed by a head 41. Conductors 42 are connected to theheating elements to supply the necessary current.

In Figs. 8 and 9, I have illustrated another type of heater comprisingtwo semi-cylindrical members 48 connected by a spring 49 or by any othersuitable resilient hinge connection andprovided with insulating handles50. Each of the semi-cylindricall members includes a casing 53 andaheating element 51 which is supplied with current by conduc tors 52.With this type of heater only portions of the hair adjacent the rootsneed be wound on the spindles, the previously waved portions being free.After the wound portions of the hair have been moistened and between thetwo sections of each heating ele-i ment so that these portions'are notsubjected to the moist heat and the previous waving is not disturbed. J

To facilitate the operation of applying the wrappers, I may employhinged housings 43 connected at 44 andprovided with openings 45 and alatching means 46. In using suoli a device, a strip of iannel suitablymoistened is placed in one-half of the housingl which is then disposedabout the wound strand of hair,

and the housing is closed, thus bringing the flannel in to contact withthe moistened hair. I may employ springs 47 as indicated in Figs. 13 and14, to ensure contact of the'moistened flannel or other wrappingmaterial with the hair.

In Figs. 15 and 16 of the drawings, I have illustrated a slightlydifferent form of clamp designed to permit the removal of the spindles.v

The clamp is similar to the device illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Itcomprises opposed elements 56 and 57 hingedly connected at 58. Each ofthe elements consists of spaced plates as illustrated, and a locking bar59 is pivotally connected at 60 to one of the elements and carries apivoted cam 61 at its other end, which is adapted to 'engage the otherelement and thus hold the elements tirmly in locked position. A jaw 62with a projection 63 centrally located and lateral recesses is resiliently supported in one of the clamp elements by springs 65 andisadapted to enter the space between the plates of the other element.`When the clamp is applied to the hair, the latter is dividedautomatically into two strands in the recesses 64 and is iirmly grippedby the jaw against the opposed faces ot recesses 66 in the oppositeelement oi the clamp. rlfhe strands of hair are thus held lirmly and aminimum space is aorded through which steam can escape toward the scalp.Preferably a suitable insulating pad, for example a strip of felt 67, issecured to the lower face of the clamp to protect the scalp from heat.

To support the spindles 68 I provide openl ings 69 preferably ofdiierent shape in the upper plate of the element 57 to receive reducedextensions of similar shape on the ends of the spindles 68. Tolock thespindles, a jaw 7() is slidably supported between the opposed platesofthe element 57 and is provided with corresponding openings to receivethe extensions on the spindles 68. A cam 71 is pivoted on an extension72 of the jaw and is provided with a handle 73. The cam is adapted tobear against the plates of the element 57 and when moved to the positionindicated in the drawings firmly clamps the eX- tensions of the spindles68. The latter may be provided with notches, if desired. to preventremoval of the spindles even. by the application of force. The spindlescan be released readily by moving the cam, as will be readilyunderstood.

In Fig. 17, I 'have illustrated a slight modithe spaced plates of. theelement 57 so that the jaw firmly grips the extensions on the spindles68. The spindles may be released readily by loosening the nut. y

As mentioned above, the ends of theindividual-spindles 68 and theopenings 69 in j satisfactory effect.

other than those having Winders 23 for Winding the hair in reversedirections, so that the device is fool-proof and can only be operated inthe proper manner. l

The method and apparatus as described aiords numerous advantages, and itparticularly facilitates the production of satisfactory Waves in thehair by ensuring that contiguous strands are Wound 1n reverse directionson the spindles so that the Waves, when formed, will fall naturally intotheir desiredpositions to produce an improvedand more Various changesmay be made in the details ot' the procedure and in the apparatusemployed Without departing from the invention or sacrificing any of theadvantages thereof.` K

I claim:

1. The method of waving living hair which i comprises separating thehair into strands, clamping the strands near the roots thereof, windingcontiguous strands helically in opposite directions, moisteningthe-hai1l` with a treating solution, and subjecting the hair to heat fora period suilicient to fix the Wave therein.

` 2. The methodof Waving living hair which comprises separating the hairinto strands,

clamping the strands near the roots thereof,

winding portions of contiguous strands ad-- jacent the scalp helicallyin opposite directions, moistening the hair with a treating so-y lution.and subjecting the hair to heatfor a. period sufficient to fixthe Wavetherein.-

3. The method of Waving living hair which comprises separating thehairinto strands, clamping the strands 'near the roots thereof, Windingcontiguous strands helically in opposite directions. moistening the hairwith a treating solution, enclosing the hairin wrappers.. and subjectingthe hair to heat for a period suiiicient to fix the Wave therein;

4. The method of waving 'living hair which comprises separating the hairinto strands, clamping the strands near the roots thereof, Windingportions 'of contiguous strands adjacent the scalp helically in oppositedirections, moistening the hair with a treating solution, enclosing thewound portions of the hair in wrappers, and subjecting the hair to heatfor a period suiicient to fix theawave' including sleeves adapted to berotated when released, means for securing the sleeves against rotation,and means on the spindles to Wind the hairhelically thereon in reversedirections.

7. In an apparatus for Waving hair, a clamp, apair 4of spindlessupported thereon, and means onthe spindles to wind the hair helicall'ythereon in reverse directions, including members looselymounted on thespindles having helical slots and projecting lingers to engagethe hair.

8. In an apparatus for waving hair, a clamp, a pair of spindlessupported thereon, and means on the spindles to Wind the hair helicallythereon in reverse directions, including members loosely'mounted on thespindles having helical slots and projecting lfingers .to'engage thehair, and means for rotating the last'lnentioned members.

,9. In an apparatus for Waving hair, a

released, means for securing the sleeves against rotation` and means onthe spindles to Wind the hair hehcally thereon 1n reverse directions,including members loosely mounted lon the spindles having helical slotsand projecting tingers to engage the hair.

-10.In an apparatus for Waving hair, a

clamp comprising opposed elements hingedly connected', means forsecuring the clamp in closed position, a pair of spindles supportedon'the clamp, and means on the spindles to Wind the hair helicallythereon in reverse directions. i 11. In an apparatus for Waving hair, a,clamp comprising opposed elements hingedly connected, means for securingthe clamp in closed position, a pair of spindles supported on\ the clampincluding sleeves adapted to be rOtated when released, and means forsecuring the sleeves against rotation.

12. In an vapparatus for waving hair, a- 'clampeomprising opposedelements hingedly connected. means for securing the clamp inclosed'position, a pair of spindles supported on the clamp includingsleeves adapted to be rotated when released, means for securing thesleeves against rotation, and means on the spindles to wind the hairhelically thereon in reverse directions.l

13. lIn an apparatusfor waving hair, a clamp comprising opposed elementshingedly connected', means for securing the clamp in closed position, apair of spindles supported on the clamp including sleeves adapted to berotated bwhen released,- means for securing the sleeves againstrotation,andmeans on the spindles to Wind the hair helicallv thereon in reversedirections, including members -loosely mountedv on the spindles havinghelical slots and projecting fingers to engage the hair.

` projecting ngers t'o engage the hair.

15. In an apparatus for waving hair, a clamp, a pair of spindles mountedthereon means for winding hair on the spindles an of clamping' contious' strands of the hair near the roots t ereof and winding the strandshelically in op osite directions.

In testimony whereo I-aix my si nature. WALTER E. LIPP RT.

a heater having passages to embrace the spinv dles and electricalresistance elements surrounding the passages.

16. In an apparatus for waving hair, a clamp, a pair of spindles mountedthereon means for winding hair onthe spindles, an a heater havingpassages to embrace the spindles and electrical resistance elementssurrounding the passages, the passages being closed at one end to retainsteam therein.

17. In an apparatus for waving hair a clamp comprismg opposed elementshingedly connected, means for securing the elements in closed osition,one of the elements carrying a resi ient jaw slidably supportedtherein'and adapted to co-operate with the other I element to clamp thehair.

18. In an apparatus for waving hair, a clamp comprising opposed elementshingedly connected, means for securing the elements in closed osition,one of the elements carrying a resihently mounted jaw adapted toco-operate with the other element to clamp the hair, the jaw having aprojection to automatically divide the hair into two strands.

19. In an apparatus for waving hair, a clamp comprising opposed elementshingedly connected, means for securing the elements in closed sition,one of the elements carrying a resillentlymounted jaw adapted toco-operatevvith the other element to clamp the hair, and 'aJpair ofspindles mounted on the clamp.

20. In an apparatus for wavin hair, a clamp, a pair of spindles upon wich contiguous strands of hair are ada ted to be wound and means forsecuring t e spindles on said clamp, said means being releasable topermit removal of the s indles for independently stripping the hairtherefrom.

'21. In an apparatus for waving hair a clamp, a pair o spindles, meansreleasably securmg said spindles on said clamp, means on the spindlesfor winding the hair helically thereon in reverse directions and meansindividual to each spindle and the corre-l s ondin connections betweenit and the c am or preventing interchange of said spin les.

22. In a method of waving hair', the step of winding contiguous strandsthereof hehcally in opposite directions.

23. In a method of waving hair, the steps

